Since 2000 they tend to drop to alarm Guy RibaThe dollar system gives US a huge advantageMoreover their number reduced as shrinkingOn 270 luxury in the world 130 brands are FrenchExports to China and the India are reduced confirms a familiar of the French business communityFor cause the cindynique thinking is emerging in FranceThe tax valuation would be observed in 2008Let's start with that of the European UnionIt is false rebelled leader of Hermitage Emin IskenderovSmall notebook and pen in hand, Xiao Liu is the last time tour ads hung on the wall of the centre for human resources going to sit with some 30 others, before a large screen where marched dozens of offers of employment for the city of Canton and surrounding areas. McDonald's research of delivery to moped. "No experience required." Human preference. Salary of 1,500 Yuan. "She transcribed the announcement. "But it is not enough." "I would like a job as a Secretary with including meals and accommodation," blowing the young woman, who, until last January, worked for TeBu, a Chinese sportswear manufacturer. "After the Chinese new year, sales declined and they have not renewed my contract." "Since then, I'm looking for, but there is too much competition," says Xiao Liu.
Like her, hundreds of thousands of people attempt each day their chance in the public and the province private employment agencies. "In a year, we have seen the number of offers decrease by 15 when the number of people looking for a place progressed, him, 15 ", summarizes Zhang Baoying, the Director of the main agency in Canton. Industrial lung of China, Guangdong, South of the country, was one of the most hit by the downturn in the global economy. After 34.5 of the exports of the country last year, the province saw its shipments of goods abroad decline by more than 24 in January and its sales on the domestic market stagnate. "Between September 2008 and January, we have seen the closure of 8.673 SMEs, particularly specialized in the manufacture of textile, footwear, furniture, toys or electronic petit," confesses Ge Guoxing, a Director of the Office of the employment of the province. Under cover of anonymity, other officials refer to the dismissal of 2 million people in five months in the region. At the national level, the central authorities acknowledge that more than 20 million of the 130 million of mingong, these migrant workers who have left the countryside for the plants and the building of the coast is, have lost their jobs.
Wage shrinks
A Zhangmutou, Dongguan South district, the crisis has emptied a few streets. Smart Union Group giant plant, which produced toys for Mattel and Walt Disney, bankrupt and terminated its 5.600 employees. Number of its 800 suppliers of plastic, rubber and other electronic components did not resist. Small restaurants, shops and other nearby repair shops were the last to close.
Near the site, Wang has continued the cigarettes. The Da Qian men at 2 Yuan package. Limé black suit back on the calves, old sneakers, trousers he came to learn. It appears on re-employment in companies of the area, benefiting from a few weeks, the closure of many of their competitors. After the Chinese new year, the worker of thirty-six years has lost its place in a paper mill, where he was driving a forklift. "I have my licence," he insists. I hope at least 2,500 yuan of salary and housing included, but that if difficult announcement.
If job opportunities have not all disappeared, the level of wages for the less skilled positions has melted and the benefits (housing, meals, additional hours...) were volatilizing. Panic by a decline in their incomes, the companies of the countries resumed the price war which had, in the 1990s, the success of the "made in China". They have the blessing of the authorities, who themselves have ordered the freezing of minimum wages and limited controls on the application of the Act on the employment contract, deemed a little too favourable to the employees.
Non-existent compensation
"I do not want accept anything", to include Wang. It says have already refused a proposal to 2,000 yuan monthly in his native Hunan, where his family still lives. "Cost-effective step, says." And then, seventeen years I work in the city. The campaign is not my home. Like all others in my village, I came back here. "Before accepting an offer at a discount, he will spend his last savings in collective dormitory at 10 Yuan at night (euro 1.10) and instant noodles. After, it will not be there.
If China has theoretically of an unemployment insurance scheme, few workers are, in reality, protected. To get help in times of economic dismissal, employees must be paid each month for at least five years, 0.5 of their salary to a Fund of solidarity, to which employers also contribute. Always lump-sum allowances exceed never the 600 Yuan (69 euros) per month. "In fact, almost nobody does this aid because they involve the detention of a local"hukou"see box and a legal contract." "That still refuse most of the groups", slice Kaiming Liu, the Director of the Institute of contemporary observation, which campaigns for an improvement of the right to work in China. "To survive in times of crisis, migrant workers cannot therefore rely on their own", says the expert, who predicted a surge of social resentment of here in mid-April: "It is the time get the commands of the year from Europe, the United States and the Japan." If they are bad, other plants will be closed. "In the wake.
He estimated that several million new layoffs could be announced.
Avoid political destabilization
This scenario took the Government, which fears the aggregation of one-time economic conflicts and a broader questioning of the power of the Communist Party. To prevent any destabilization, the authorities are trying to show their solidarity with the populations most in difficulty. On the margins of the gigantic 4,000 billion yuan (EUR 455 billion) stimulus plan intended to revitalize the activity in the second half, they encouraged local communities to increase training for unemployed workshops and open shelters for migrants in distress. This morning, in his major speech to Parliament, the Prime Minister, Wen Jiabao, should reveal the launch of new social programs and aid to young newcomers on the labour market.
More migrants, who appear resigned, Beijing anger seems particularly feared the chagrin of the 6 million students who will leave the universities of the country in June. Usually recruited even before the FCC, they could, for about 60 of them, find themselves without a job for several months. Deemed more politicized, some might be tempted to fuel the challenge in full 20th anniversary of the repression of the student demonstrations in Tiananmen Square (June 1989). "If you are concerned, I am even more concerned than you", was launched a few days ago Wen Jiabao on a campus, before pledging full support of the authorities.
Discouraged students
In Beijing, the municipality offers refunds of tuition students agreeing to leave in the rural provinces to become teachers or civil servants. It organizes as every weekend great "job fairs" near the universities. "It's disheartening." "There is nothing for people without experience like us", but regrets a young couple, who is about to get her master's degree in accounting and walking along the aisles, a heavy package of CV in hand. Intrigued by the long queue formed before one of the stands, he joined the enthusiasm of other students who have identified one of the few signs announcing "Welcome beginners." It is enough just to be a young woman of less than twenty-five years, measuring more than 1.65 meter and have a "pleasant appearance", specify from recruiters select the small hands of their next massage parlour.
